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Date:9th June 2009 |
Compiled by Mr. M. Sathya Kumar | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Computer-Assisted Audit Tools (CAATs) — Effective use of CAATs by bank auditors in verifying asset classification Preface Rahul is the Principal Consultant — Data Analytics with Analytics Inc. Analytics Inc. are market leaders in the field of Governance, Risk Management and Control Analytics for the last 7 years. In a short span of 3 years this dynamic firm has managed to establish a footprint in the accounting and finance segment, which was the erstwhile arena for large Accounting and Audit majors. This fast-paced growth was fuelled by a small group of ‘dynamic’ smart professionals who delivered consistent value propositions to their clients by riding on the backbone of contemporary assurance technology. Analytics Inc. leveraged audit technology like General Audit Softwares, Audit Administration Tools and Enterprise Risk Management Applications to deliver above-the-board, high-return results to all the clients from retail, to manufacturing, to logistics and healthcare. Rahul was solely responsible for overseeing all Data Analytic projects, assignments and applied research projects for the firm. In a recent Banking conclave, Rahul was presenting on the role of ‘The Power of Analytics’ and ‘Analytics made Simple’. Rahul spoke firmly, confidently and charismatically about his association with General Audit Tools and the outstanding benefits which accrued to him and the firm over the last 7 years through the power of analytics. There was a twinkle in his eye as he drew a colorful picture about his journey with General Audit Softwares. His oration captivated the audience and laid the foundations for prolific use of CAATs by all Bank Auditors and Investigators in the days to come. Presentation on Verification of Asset Classifications at Banks Rahul wanted to drive home the simplicity and power of Audit Tools to the conclave of banking participants comprising auditors, investigators, risk managers, IT Security Professionals and more. He decided to leave a mark with an illustration from Bank Asset Classifications. Bank Asset Classification is an area warranting special merit of mention and overview in view of the high composition of Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) in the banking channel. The Reserve Bank of India is making concerted efforts to control, regulate and treat high NPA levels in both nationalised and private banks within India. He displayed a database from one of his numerous projects. The database contained credit risk scores awarded to various loan accounts over a period of review. Database Structure for Asset Credit-Risk-Grading
Rahul went on to present the methodology followed for verification of ‘Assets Classification’ on a specific bank project. He raised certain basic questions on assets classification to the audience. Objective 1 Single borrower having a different asset credit risk grade classification — could the same borrower have multiple loans with credit grade status performing and non-performing ? How do we conveniently cull out such cases ? How could such a situation occur ? Procedure undertaken a) Open the file Credit-Risk-Grading b) This file contains the credit risk grading awarded to different assets for different borrowers for a period of 9 years. c) We are to review the latest credit risk grading for each borrower for all of his asset accounts. Here we use the TOP RECORDS EXTRACTION function within the Audit Tool. d) Perform Data — Extractions — Top Records Extraction. e) In the Top Records Extraction dialog box, enter 1 as the Number of Records to Extract. Click the cursor on KEY and choose field — Ac-No., direction — ascending and field — CRR Date, direction — descending. f) By choosing Ac-No., ascending and CRR-Date, descending, will filter the last credit risk grading performed for each account number and output the result to a separate child file. Name the child file Current CRR. See figure above. g) The above child file has given us a list of current credit risk gradings for different loan accounts. The loan account numbers will be unique but the customer numbers will not be unique. For instance one customer may avail of a housing loan, and vehicle loan. Hence, a single customer number will have multiple loan account numbers. h) We are interested in identifying cases where a single customer number has multiple loan account numbers and where each loan account number has different credit risk grading. This is a clear exception and needs to be reported. i) To arrive at the cases stated in h) above we use Duplicate Key Exclusion within the Audit Tool. j) Perform Analysis — Duplicate Key — Exclusion. This function will be run on the child file Current CRR generated in f) above. k) In the Duplicate Key Exclusion dialog box check Fields to Match as CUST-No. and Field that must be different as CRR-New. Title the output file as Same Customer Different CRR New. l) A closer look at the child file below will reveal unique customer numbers having multiple loan accounts with different credit risk gradings. For instance customer number 1485815 has two loan accounts having diverse credit gradings of 1 (Standard Asset) and 63 (Doubtful Asset). This is a clear exception. If even one loan account is rated as Non-Performing (CRR being other than 1), then all the other loan accounts featuring under the customer number will all have to be rated as Non-Performing. Analytic Conclusion The exceptions sighted in l) above should be shared with the Branch Manager. The Branch Manager should be advised to correct the disparate credit risk gradings through standardisa-tion and unification of risk scores customer-number-wise and report on action taken immediately. Objective 2 Upgradation of asset accounts during the review period — could a branch user initiate movement of credit risk grades/scores from non-performing to performing for specific loans ? Would his action warrant investigation ? How do we identify such instances in a jiffy ? Procedure undertaken
Analytic Conclusion The list of loan accounts generated in d) above needs to be reported to the Branch Manager and scrutinised by his Retail Assets Manager in detail for the grounds and tenability of upgrading the CRR from non-performing to performing. Captivating Finale Rahul received a standing ovation from the group. He ended his presentation in all humility by citing that General Audit Tools are time-tested, stable, robust, powerful, internationally acclaimed and user-friendly applications. He added that no Tool is a ready substitute for the Auditor’s acumen and judgment, but is a powerful, cost-effective facilitator. He encouraged all the bank auditors present to embrace Tools and reap the benefits of an idea whose time has come. He closed his presentation with a parting remark — "Reserve Bank of India’s Department of Banking Supervision also uses Audit Tools and we should draw inspiration from the regulator itself in this matter".
Article by Deepjee Singhal Manish Pipalia Chartered Accountants, the authors have expert knowledge in the area of internal audits of large MNCs and INCs. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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